Pulmonalklappeninsuffizienz und Pulmonalklappenersatz

Literatur
1 Rommel JJ, Yadav PK, Stouffer GA. Causes and hemodynamic findings in chronic severe pulmonary regurgitation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 92 (03) E197-E203
2 Shimazaki Y, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW. The natural history of isolated congenital pulmonary valve incompetence: surgical implications. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 32 (04) 257-259
3 Bouzas B, Kilner PJ, Gatzoulis MA. Pulmonary regurgitation: not a benign lesion. Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (05) 433-439
4 Nørgaard MA, Alphonso N, Newcomb AE, Brizard CP, Cochrane AD. Absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Surgical and clinical outcome with long-term follow-up. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29 (05) 682-687
5 Chaturvedi RR, Redington AN. Pulmonary regurgitation in congenital heart disease. Heart 2007; 93 (07) 880-889
6 Egbe A, Conolly HM. Pulmonic regurgitation. Yeon SB, Zoghbi WA, ed. UpToDate Inc. www.uptodate.com/contents/pulmonic-regurgitation (abgerufen Juli 2021
7 Garty Y, Veldtman G, Lee K, Benson L. Late outcomes after pulmonary valve balloon dilatation in neonates, infants and children. J Invasive Cardiol 2005; 17 (06) 318-322
8 Harrild DM, Powell AJ, Tran TX. et al. Long-term pulmonary regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis risk factors and relationship to exercise capacity and ventricular volume and function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55 (10) 1041-1047
9 Poon LKH, Menahem S. Pulmonary regurgitation after percutaneous balloon valvoplasty for isolated pulmonary valvar stenosis in childhood. Cardiol Young 2003; 13 (05) 444-450
10 Bruce CJ, Connolly HM. Right-sided valve disease deserves a little more respect. Circulation 2009; 119 (20) 2726-2734
11 Hahn RT, Thomas JD, Khalique OK, Cavalcante JL, Praz F, Zoghbi WA. Imaging Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12 (03) 469-490
12 Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO. et al. Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30 (04) 303-371
13 Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A. et al; European Association of Echocardiography. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 1: aortic and pulmonary regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11 (03) 223-244
14 Pieper PG, Silversides CK. Assessment of severity of pulmonary regurgitation. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12 (02) 88 , author reply 88–89
15 Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A. et al; Scientific Document Committee of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14 (07) 611-644
16 Puchalski MD, Askovich B, Sower CT, Williams RV, Minich LL, Tani LY. Pulmonary regurgitation: determining severity by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Congenit Heart Dis 2008; 3 (03) 168-175
17 Silversides CK, Veldtman GR, Crossin J. et al. Pressure half-time predicts hemodynamically significant pulmonary regurgitation in adult patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16 (10) 1057-1062
18 Van Berendoncks A, Van Grootel R, McGhie J. et al. Echocardiographic parameters of severe pulmonary regurgitation after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Congenit Heart Dis 2019; 14 (04) 628-637
19 Dellas C, Kammerer L, Gravenhorst V, Lotz J, Paul T, Steinmetz M. Quantification of pulmonary regurgitation and prediction of pulmonary valve replacement by echocardiography in patients with congenital heart defects in comparison to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34 (04) 607-613
20 Stout KK, Daniels CJ, Aboulhosn JA. et al. 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation 2019; 139 (14) e698-e800
21 Sachdeva R, Valente AM, Armstrong AK. et al. 2020 appropriate use criteria for multimodality imaging during the follow-up care of patients with congenital heart disease: A Report of ACC/AHA/ASE/HRS/ISACHD/ SCAI/ SCCT/SCMR/SOPE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75: 657-703
22 Eicken A. Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation. Yeon SB, Conolly HM. , ed. UpToDate Inc./contents/percutaneous-pulmonic-valve-implantaion (abgerufen Oktober 2020
23 Schiller NB, Ristow B, Ren X. Echocardiographic evaluation of the pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery. Yeon SB, Manning WJ, Gaasch WH. , ed. UpToDate Inc. www.uptodate.com/contents/echocardiographic-evaluation-of-the-pulmonic-valve-and-pulmonary-artery (abgerufen Juli 2021
24 Ferraz Cavalcanti PE, Sá MPBO, Lins RFA. et al. Three-step preoperative sequential planning for pulmonary valve replacement in repaired tetralogy of Fallot using computed tomography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 59 (02) 333-340
25 Diller G-P, Dimopoulos K, Okonko D. et al. Exercise intolerance in adult congenital heart disease: comparative severity, correlates, and prognostic implication. Circulation 2005; 112 (06) 828-835
26 Mercer-Rosa L, Ingall E, Zhang X. et al. The impact of pulmonary insufficiency on the right ventricle: a comparison of isolated valvar pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of fallot. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36 (04) 796-801
27 Dallaire F, Wald RM, Marelli A. The Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Decision Making in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38 (06) 1097-1105
28 Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV. et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease: The Task Force for the management of adult congenital heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2020; 2020: ehaa554
29 Larios G, Yim D, Dragulescu A, Mertens L, Grosse-Wortmann L, Friedberg MK. Right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary regurgitation with versus without tetralogy of Fallot. Am Heart J 2019; 213: 8-17
30 Tretter JT, Friedberg MK, Wald RM, McElhinney DB. Defining and refining indications for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: Contributions from anatomical and functional imaging. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221: 916-925
31 Kim YY, Ruckdeschel E. Approach to residual pulmonary valve dysfunction in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Heart 2016; 102 (19) 1520-1526
32 Geva T. Indications for pulmonary valve replacement in repaired tetralogy of fallot: the quest continues. Circulation 2013; 128 (17) 1855-1857
33 Balzer D. Pulmonary Valve Replacement for Tetralogy of Fallot. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J 2019; 15 (02) 122-132
34 Morgan GJ. Pulmonary Regurgitation- Is the Future Percutaneous or Surgical?. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 184
35 Nordmeyer J, Ewert P, Gewillig M. et al. Acute and midterm outcomes of the post-approval MELODY Registry: a multicentre registry of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (27) 2255-2264
36 Georgiev S, Ewert P, Tanase D. et al. A low residual pressure gradient yields excellent long-term outcome after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12 (16) 1594-1603
37 Georgiev S, Ewert P, Eicken A. et al. Munich Comparative Study: Prospective Long-Term Outcome of the Transcatheter Melody Valve Versus Surgical Pulmonary Bioprosthesis With Up to 12 Years of Follow-Up. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13 (07) e008963
38 McElhinney DB, Zhang Y, Aboulhosn JA. et al. Multicenter Study of Endocarditis After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78 (06) 575-589
39 Armstrong AK, Berger F, Jones TKJ. et al. Association between patient age at implant and outcomes after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in the multicenter Melody valve trials. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 94 (04) 607-617
40 McElhinney DB, Sondergaard L, Armstrong AK. et al. Endocarditis After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72 (22) 2717-2728
41 Abdelghani M, Nassif M, Blom NA. et al. Infective Endocarditis After Melody Valve Implantation in the Pulmonary Position: A Systematic Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7 (13) e008163
42 Hascoet S, Mauri L, Claude C. et al. Infective Endocarditis Risk After Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation With the Melody and Sapien Valves. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10 (05) 510-517
43 Lehner A, Dashkalova T, Ulrich S. et al. Intermediate outcomes of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement with the Edwards Sapien 3 valve - German experience. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16 (09) 829-834
44 Shahanavaz S, Zahn EM, Levi DS. et al. Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement With the Sapien Prosthesis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76 (24) 2847-2858
45 Tweddell JS, Simpson P, Li S-H. et al. Timing and technique of pulmonary valve replacement in the patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2012; 15 (01) 27-33
46 Fuller S. Tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary valve replacement: timing and techniques in the asymptomatic patient. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2014; 17 (01) 30-37
47 Emani SM. Options for prosthetic pulmonary valve replacement. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2012; 15 (01) 34-37
48 Boethig D, Goerler H, Westhoff-Bleck M. et al. Evaluation of 188 consecutive homografts implanted in pulmonary position after 20 years. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 32 (01) 133-142
49 Jashari R, Goffin Y, Vanderkelen A. et al. European homograft bank: twenty years of cardiovascular tissue banking and collaboration with transplant coordination in Europe. Transplant Proc 2010; 42 (01) 183-189
50 Forbess JM. Conduit selection for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: contemporary options and outcomes. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2004; 7: 115-124
51 Bando K, Danielson GK, Schaff HV, Mair DD, Julsrud PR, Puga FJ. Outcome of pulmonary and aortic homografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109 (03) 509-517 , discussion 517–518
52 Kim WH, Min SK, Choi CH. et al. Follow-up of Shelhigh porcine pulmonic valve conduits. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84 (06) 2047-2050
53 Schiralli MP, Cholette JM, Swartz MF, Vermilion R, Meagher C, Alfieris GM. Carpentier edwards porcine valved conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. J Card Surg 2011; 26 (06) 643-649
54 Boethig D, Thies WR, Hecker H, Breymann T. Mid term course after pediatric right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a comparison of homografts, porcine xenografts and Contegras. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 27 (01) 58-66
55 Morales DLS, Braud BE, Gunter KS. et al. Encouraging results for the Contegra conduit in the problematic right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery connection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132 (03) 665-671
56 Breymann T, Blanz U, Wojtalik MA. et al. European Contegra multicentre study: 7-year results after 165 valved bovine jugular vein graft implantations. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 57 (05) 257-269
57 Poynter JA, Eghtesady P, McCrindle BW. et al; Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society. Association of pulmonary conduit type and size with durability in infants and young children. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96 (05) 1695-1701 , discussion 1701–1702
58 Sarikouch S, Horke A, Tudorache I. et al. Decellularized fresh homografts for pulmonary valve replacement: a decade of clinical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50 (02) 281-290
59 Boethig D, Horke A, Hazekamp M. et al. A European study on decellularized homografts for pulmonary valve replacement: initial results from the prospective ESPOIR Trial and ESPOIR Registry data. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 56 (03) 503-509
60 Haas F, Schreiber C, Hörer J, Kostolny M, Holper K, Lange R. Is there a role for mechanical valved conduits in the pulmonary position?. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79 (05) 1662-1667 , discussion 1667–1668
61 Stulak JM, Mora BN, Said SM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA. Mechanical Pulmonary Valve Replacement. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2016; 19 (01) 82-89
62 Dehaki MG, Al-Dairy A, Rezaei Y. et al. Mid-term outcomes of mechanical pulmonary valve replacement: a single-institutional experience of 396 patients. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 67 (03) 289-296
63 Pragt H, van Melle JP, Javadikasgari H. et al. Mechanical valves in the pulmonary position: An international retrospective analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 154 (04) 1371-1378.e1
64 Ferraz Cavalcanti PE, Sá MP, Santos CA. et al. Pulmonary valve replacement after operative repair of tetralogy of Fallot: meta-analysis and meta-regression of 3,118 patients from 48 studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62 (23) 2227-2243
65 National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes (NICOR). . Report 2017-20. www.nicor.org.uk//national-cardiac-audit-programme//congenital-heart-disease-in-children-and-adults-congenital-audit (abgerufen Okt. 2021
66 Dearani JA, Danielson GK, Puga FJ. et al. Late follow-up of 1095 patients undergoing operation for complex congenital heart disease utilizing pulmonary ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75 (02) 399-410 , discussion 410–411
67 Jang W, Kim YJ, Choi K, Lim HG, Kim WH, Lee JR. Mid-term results of bioprosthetic pulmonary valve replacement in pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42 (01) e1-e8
68 Agarwal KC, Edwards WD, Feldt RH, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, McGoon DC. Clinicopathological correlates of obstructed right-sided porcine-valved extracardiac conduits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981; 81 (04) 591-601
69 Rüffer A, Purbojo A, Cicha I. et al. Early failure of xenogenous de-cellularised pulmonary valve conduits–a word of caution!. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 38 (01) 78-85
70 Willetts RG, Stickley J, Drury NE. et al. Four right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit types. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162 (05) 1324-1333.e3 13241333.e3doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.12.144
71 Cocomello L, Meloni M, Rapetto F. et al. Long-Term Comparison Between Pulmonary Homograft Versus Bioprosthesis for Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8 (24) e013654
72 Romeo JLR, Mokhles MM, van de Woestijne P. et al. Long-term clinical outcome and echocardiographic function of homografts in the right ventricular outflow tract. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 55 (03) 518-526
73 Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J 2015; 36 (44) 3075-3128
74 Giamberti A, Chessa M, Abella R. et al. Morbidity and mortality risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac reoperations. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88 (04) 1284-1289
75 Sharma A, Cote AT, Hosking MCK, Harris KC. A Systematic Review of Infective Endocarditis in Patients With Bovine Jugular Vein Valves Compared With Other Valve Types. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10 (14) 1449-1458
76 Robichaud B, Hill G, Cohen S. et al. Bioprosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis: Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Congenit Heart Dis 2018; 13 (05) 734-739
77 Lee C, Park CS, Lee CH. et al. Durability of bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position: long-term follow-up of 181 implants in patients with congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142 (02) 351-358
78 Boethig D, Avsar M, Bauer UM. et al. Pulmonary valve prostheses: patient's lifetime procedure load and durability. Evaluation of the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021;
79 Rüffer A, Wittmann J, Potapov S. et al. Mid-term experience with the Hancock porcine-valved Dacron conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42 (06) 988-995
80 Urso S, Rega F, Meuris B. et al. The Contegra conduit in the right ventricular outflow tract is an independent risk factor for graft replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40 (03) 603-609
81 Jacobs JP, Mavroudis C, Quintessenza JA. et al. Reoperations for pediatric and congenital heart disease: an analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) congenital heart surgery database. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2014; 17 (01) 2-8
82 Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (34) 3165-3241
83 Canobbio MM, Warnes CA, Aboulhosn J. et al; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Management of Pregnancy in Patients With Complex Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135 (08) e50-e87
84 Liesenborghs L, Meyers S, Vanassche T, Verhamme P. Coagulation: At the heart of infective endocarditis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18 (05) 995-1008
85 Leeten K, Jacques N, Lancellotti P, Oury C. Aspirin or Ticagrelor in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis: Where do we stand?. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 716302